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برق و الکترونیک::
حالت تعادل
As a starting point for our investigation of the vibrational properties of atomic sys- tems, let us assume a static potential and then expand the potential function in a power series about the classically stable equilibrium position x0 of one particular atom.
Because the atom position is stabilized by the potential, we know that the potential is at a local minimum, so the term in the first derivative in our series expansion about the equilibrium position x0 can be set to zero.
The one-dimensional displacement of the particle from its equilibrium position is x.
The change in equilibrium position due to application of the electric field causes the energy levels of the system to be changed by an amount
This is so because the extra energy stored in the potential due to a displacement x0 in equilibrium position enters as x2 and so is positive, independent of the direction of x0.
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